Childbirth is a beautiful and challenging experience, but sometimes complications can arise. One such complication is shoulder dystocia—a childbirth emergency that requires immediate medical attention. If improperly managed, shoulder dystocia can lead to severe injuries for both the baby and the mother. For families affected by this condition, understanding what it is, why it happens, and when medical malpractice may play a role can provide both clarity and a path forward.
What is Shoulder Dystocia?
Shoulder dystocia occurs during delivery when one or both of the baby’s shoulders become stuck behind the mother’s pelvic bone after the baby’s head has been delivered. This prevents the baby’s body from passing through the birth canal naturally.
Due to the limited space and time sensitivity of deliveries, shoulder dystocia can be a frightening and life-threatening situation if not addressed promptly.
Potential Causes of Shoulder Dystocia
Though it can sometimes happen unexpectedly, several factors may increase the likelihood of shoulder dystocia, including:
Large Baby (Macrosomia)
Babies that weigh more than 8 pounds and 13 ounces (commonly referred to as “macrosomic”) are at a higher risk of getting their shoulders stuck during birth.
Maternal Diabetes
Mothers with diabetes (including gestational diabetes) often have larger babies, increasing the chances of shoulder dystocia.
Use of Assisted Delivery Tools
The use of forceps or vacuum extractors to assist delivery may contribute to complications like shoulder dystocia.
Abnormal Labor Progression
Prolonged or particularly fast labor can increase risks, as can abnormal positioning of the baby during delivery.
Obesity in Expecting Mothers
Mothers who are overweight or obese may be at higher risk of giving birth to a larger baby, sometimes leading to complications like shoulder dystocia.
Previous Shoulder Dystocia
Mothers who’ve experienced shoulder dystocia before are more likely to experience it in subsequent births.
While some cases of shoulder dystocia are unavoidable despite proper care, many can be predicted or addressed safely with careful monitoring.
Risks of Shoulder Dystocia
Shoulder dystocia can lead to severe complications if not managed appropriately. Some of the most common risks include:
For the Baby
Brachial Plexus Injuries
The brachial plexus is a network of nerves in the shoulder and neck that control arm movement and sensation. If these nerves are stretched or torn during delivery, it can lead to conditions like Erb’s palsy or permanent nerve damage.
Fractures
The baby’s collarbone or arm may break during attempts to free the shoulder.
Oxygen Deprivation
If delivery is delayed, the baby may experience oxygen deprivation (hypoxia), which can cause brain damage or, in severe cases, fatal outcomes.
For the Mother
Hemorrhaging
Shoulder dystocia may lead to excessive blood loss during or after delivery.
Tearing or Ruptures
The mother may sustain significant tears to the vaginal or rectal area, sometimes requiring surgical repair.
Uterine or Bladder Injuries
Other complications might include injuries to the uterus or bladder.
Legal Considerations for Medical Malpractice
While some instances of shoulder dystocia are unavoidable, others may be caused or worsened by improper care. Medical malpractice occurs when healthcare providers fail to meet the professional standard of care, and their negligence leads to harm. Here’s how this applies to shoulder dystocia:
Failure to Identify Risks
Medical professionals should monitor mothers and babies for risk factors before and during labor. If they fail to identify red flags—such as macrosomia or a history of shoulder dystocia—they may not take necessary precautions to prevent complications.
Poor Management of Emergencies
When shoulder dystocia occurs, healthcare teams must act quickly and correctly to minimize harm. Using excessive force, applying inappropriate delivery techniques, or delaying necessary interventions (like C-sections) can worsen the situation and cause injury.
Failure to Provide Follow-up Care
After shoulder dystocia occurs, both the baby and mother require monitoring and treatment to address injuries. Neglecting to provide timely follow-up care can lead to worsening complications.
Improper Documentation
Failure to properly document the delivery process or decisions made during a complicated birth can also point to negligence. Accurate records are critical in emergencies.
Taking Legal Action
If you or your child were harmed due to shoulder dystocia caused by medical negligence, you may be entitled to pursue a medical malpractice claim. Here are the steps you can take:
Document Everything
Request your full medical records, including prenatal care and delivery notes. Keep a journal of ongoing medical treatments and challenges your child or family experiences.
Consult a Medical Malpractice Attorney
An experienced attorney will evaluate your case, help gather medical evidence, and work with experts to determine if negligence occurred.
Prove the Four Elements of Medical Malpractice
- Duty of Care: Show that a doctor-patient relationship exists.
- Breach of Duty: Prove the provider acted unreasonably or failed to provide proper care.
- Causation: Establish that their actions (or inaction) directly caused harm.
- Damages: Evidence of financial loss, physical injuries, or emotional suffering.
File Your Claim On Time
Medical malpractice claims are subject to specific time limits (statutes of limitations), which vary by state. Consulting an attorney promptly ensures you don’t miss critical deadlines.
Types of Compensation You May Be Eligible For
- Medical Expenses: Coverage for surgeries, rehabilitation, or therapies your child or you may need.
- Future Care Costs: Compensation for long-term treatment or assistance from injuries like nerve damage.
- Pain and Suffering: Compensation for physical pain and emotional distress caused by the incident.
- Lost Wages (if applicable): Reimbursement for income lost due to caring for an injured child or your own recovery.
Houston Shoulder Dystocia Attorney
Shoulder dystocia is a complex and potentially serious obstetric emergency that requires careful management and intervention. By understanding the causes, risk factors, and treatment options, healthcare providers can effectively address this condition and minimize the risks to both mother and baby. At The Brothers Law Firm, we are committed to supporting families in Houston, TX, through every step of the childbirth process. Our team of experienced personal injury attorneys is here to help you navigate any legal challenges that may arise from complications during delivery. If you or a loved one has experienced shoulder dystocia or any related injuries, don't hesitate to contact us today at (903) 829-3877 for a consultation. Let us provide the guidance and support you need to protect your rights and ensure the best possible outcome for your family.